.no-break {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

h1:first-of-type {    /******added from Keah******/
  padding-top: 2rem;
}

h2 {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
	font-size: 1.75rem;
}

h3 {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
	font-size: 1.5rem;
}

h4 {
  margin-top: 1.0rem;
	font-size: 1.25rem;
}


/* =============================
   Active / Selected Items in Menu
   ============================= */

.nav-link.active {
    background-color: #e8e8e8;
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 9999px;
}

/* Hover / focus feedback */
.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link:focus {
    background-color: rgba(175, 175, 175, 0.6);
    color: #fff;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link {     /******added from Keah******/
	background: none !important;
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

/* =============================
   Nav Pills
   ============================= */

.nav-pills .nav-link {
    border-radius: 9999px;
}

/* =============================
   Responsive behavior
   ============================= */

/* Hide pills on small screens */
@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .nav.nav-pills {
        display: none !important;
    }
}

/* =============================
   Desktop dividers
   ============================= */

@media (min-width: 577px) {
    .navbar-nav .nav-item {
        border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
    }

    .navbar-nav .nav-item:last-child {
        border-right: none;
    }
}




/* =============================
   Submenu styling
   ============================= */

.nav.nav-pills {
    background-color: #e8e8e8;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0; /* flat bar */
}

/* All submenu links */
.nav.nav-pills .nav-link {
    color: #000;
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin: 0 0.25rem;
}

/* Hover / focus */
.nav.nav-pills .nav-link:hover,
.nav.nav-pills .nav-link:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
    color: #000;
    background-color: transparent;
}

/* Active submenu link: underline only */
.nav.nav-pills .nav-link.active {
    color: #000;
    background-color: transparent;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
    text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}


/* =============================
   Back to Top button
   ============================= */

#backToTop {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 1.5rem;
    right: 1.5rem;

    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    border-radius: 50%;

    background-color: #e8e8e8; /* match submenu */
    border: none;
    color: #000;

    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;

    /* Subtle shading */
    box-shadow:
        0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.25),
        inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.9);

    transition:
        opacity 0.3s ease,
        transform 0.25s ease,
        box-shadow 0.25s ease;

    z-index: 1050;
}

/* Large stylized up arrow */
#backToTop::before {
    content: "";
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    border-left: 4px solid currentColor;
    border-top: 4px solid currentColor;
    transform: rotate(45deg) translateY(3px);
}

/* Visible state */
#backToTop.show {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
}

/* Hover / focus */
#backToTop:hover,
#backToTop:focus {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow:
        0 6px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),
        inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,1);
    outline: none;
}



/* =============================
   Footer
   ============================= */

.footer-chapter {
    background-color: #e8e8e8; /* light gray */
    padding-top: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
	line-height: 1.25rem !important; 
	padding: 2rem 0 2rem 0; 
	height: 100px !important;
}

/*used in opening pages and glossary */
.footer-copyright {    /******added from Keah******/
	background: #e8e8e8;
	margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* =============================
   Tables
   ============================= */
.styled-table {
    border-collapse: separate; /* Change collapse to separate for border-radius to work */
    margin: 25px 0;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    width:100%;
  table-layout: auto;
   overflow-wrap: break-word;

}
/*fixed option for tables*/
.fixed {
  table-layout: fixed;
}

.styled-table thead th, thead td {
    background-color: #d6e0f4;
    color: black;
  	font-family: 'Aptos', sans-serif !important;
}

.styled-table tr {
    border-bottom: none;
    vertical-align: text-top;
}

.styled-table .first  {
	color: #000;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.styled-table tr:hover {
    background-color: #ffe4da  !important;
}

.styled-table th,
.styled-table td {
    padding: 12px 15px;
   vertical-align: top; /* Aligns text to the top of the cell */
}

.styled-table tbody tr:nth-of-type(even) {
    background-color: #f3f3f3;
}

.styled-table tbody tr.active-row {
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #009879;
}

.styled-table ul li {
    font-weight: inherit;
	font-size: 0.9em;
  padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px !important;
}


.sticky-col {
  position: sticky;
  left: 0;
  background-color: #fff !important; /* force solid background */
  z-index: 2;
}

/* If you have striped rows or hover styles */
tbody tr:nth-child(even) .sticky-col {
  background-color: #f8f9fa !important; /* match your striping */
}

thead .sticky-col {
  background-color: #fff !important;
  z-index: 3;
}


/* =============================
   Cards for splash paages (and more)
   ============================= */

.card h2 {margin-top: 0;} /******added from Keah******/
h2.card-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem !important;
}

.row.equal-height {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.row.equal-height > [class^="col-"] {
    display: flex;
}
.row.equal-height .card {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
}


.card {
  border-radius: 12px !important;
  overflow: hidden; /* keeps images/edges clipped to the rounded shape */
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15) !important; /* soft, modern shadow */
}

.card {margin-bottom: 1rem;} /******added from Keah******/

.card:hover,
.card:focus-within {
  /* First shadow = the “border” (2px thick, green) */
  box-shadow: 
      0 0 0 0px #fff,
      0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.15) !important; /* optional glow/drop shadow */
  
  transform: translateY(-5px) !important; /* optional lift */
}


/* =============================
   Carousel for home page and intro pages
   ============================= */

body {
  padding-top: 3rem;
  padding-bottom: 3rem;
  color: #5a5a5a;
}

.carousel {
  	margin-top: 2rem;
	margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

.carousel-caption {
  bottom: 3rem;
  z-index: 10;
}



.carousel-item {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 8;
}

.carousel-item img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.carousel-caption h1,
.carousel-caption h2,
.carousel-caption p {
    background: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.45);
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
}

.carousel-caption h1,
.carousel-caption h2 {
    display: inline-block;
}

.carousel-caption p {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}



/* MARKETING CONTENT - three items on homepage
-------------------------------------------------- */

/* Center align the text within the three columns below the carousel */
.marketing .col-lg-4 {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.marketing h2 {
  font-weight: 400;
}
.marketing .col-lg-4 p {
  margin-right: .75rem;
  margin-left: .75rem;
}


/* Featurettes
------------------------- */

.featurette-divider {
  margin: 5rem 0; /* Space out the Bootstrap <hr> more */
}

/* Thin out the marketing headings */
.featurette-heading {
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -.05rem;
}


/* =============================
   Responsive CSS for use with different screen sizes
   ============================= */

@media (min-width: 40em) {
  /* Bump up size of carousel content */
  .carousel-caption p {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .featurette-heading {
    font-size: 50px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 62em) {
  .featurette-heading {
    margin-top: 7rem;
  }
}


/* =============================
   Hide "Skip to Content" ... although screen reader works
   ============================= */

.skipLink {
  position: relative;
}

.skipLink a {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;

  /* Visually hide but keep available to screen readers */
  transform: translateY(-150%);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease-out;
  z-index: 10000;
}

/* Show the skip link when focused */
.skipLink a:focus,
.skipLink a:active {
  transform: translateY(0);
}





/*Keah's code - I THINK THIS CAN ALL BE DELETED 
.gloss {
	color: #17a2b8;
	cursor: pointer;
}

a.badge.badge-light {
padding-right: 0 !important;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
	color: #6c757d !important;
}


.footer a {
	background: none;
	padding-right: 0;
	margin-right: 0;
}

.overlay {
    position: absolute;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: 2;
    background-color: #080d15;
    opacity: .7;
}

.accordion .card {margin-bottom: 0;}


.text-wrap {
    white-space: normal !important;
}

.no-link, .no-link:hover {text-decoration: none; color: #212529;}
.embed-responsive {margin-bottom: 1rem;}
.switchcontent {margin-left: .5rem;}
.switchtoggle {color: #007bff !important; cursor: pointer;}
.audio-list li {}

.accordion {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.footer-main {
	line-height: 1.25rem !important; 
	padding: 3rem 0 3rem 0; 
	height: 300px !important;
}
.footer-main h5 {
	text-transform: uppercase;
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: .95rem;
	padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.footer-main li
{
	line-height: 2rem;
}
.footer-main a {
	color: #6c757d;
	font-weight: bold;
}
.footer-main hr {
	width: 60px;
}

footer-copyright a {
    color: #fff !important;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: underline !important;
}

main {
	margin-bottom: 0px;
}

.h5p-question-introduction p, .h5p-summary .summary-evaluation-content p {
    border-left: 0px solid #f2f2f2 !important;
    padding-left: 10px;
}
.caracteristicas li {padding-bottom: 1rem;}

.table-vocabulario {font-size: .95rem;}
.hangingindent {
  padding-left: 22px ;
  text-indent: -22px ;
}
.nav-instructor {padding-top: 2rem;}
.center {margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;}
.carousel-front {background-color: #0C0D12;}
table {margin-bottom: 1rem;}
.ejemplo {margin: .5rem .5rem .5rem 1rem;}
.ejemplo dd {margin-bottom: 0;}
.english {color: #6c757d; font-style: italic;}
dd.english {padding-bottom: .5rem;}
.table {margin-top: 1rem;}
.table ul {margin-bottom: 0 !important;}
.model {margin: .25rem 0 .25rem .5rem;}
ol ul {margin-bottom: 1rem !important;}
.underline {text-decoration: underline;}
h6 {font-weight:bold;}

.youtube-link p {text-align: right; font-size: .85rem;}
.youtube-link a:hover {text-decoration: none;}
blockquote {font-weight: bold;}

.QuestionOuter{-ms-overflow-style:-ms-autohiding-scrollbar;padding-bottom: 0 !important;}








/* =============================
   Examples with translation in
	grammar section
   ============================= */

dl.ejemplo {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

/* Term (dt) — normal text, slight indent */
dl.ejemplo dt {
  margin-left: 20px !important;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;   /* Force NON-italic */
}

/* Definition (dd) — italic text, deeper indent */
dl.ejemplo dd {
  margin-left: 40px !important;
  font-style: italic !important;
}

/* Optional: English translation line */
dl.ejemplo dd.english {
  font-style: normal;   /* English line NOT italic */
}

/* Optional: explanation paragraphs */
.explanation {
  margin-left: 80px;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}

.styled-table dl dt {
  margin-left: 0 !important;   /* remove indent */
}

.styled-table dl dd {
  margin-left: 20px !important;   /* remove indent */
}

/* =============================
   Gloss buttons styled like inline text
   ============================= */

    .gloss-btn {
      padding: 0;
      margin: 0;
      border: none;
      background: none;      
text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-style: dotted;
	
text-underline-offset: 2px;


      font: inherit;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    .gloss-btn:focus {
      outline: 2px solid #0d6efd;
      outline-offset: 2px;
    }

/* =============================
   Layout of images and credit lines
   ============================= */

.photo-credit {
  font-size: 0.75rem;      /* smaller than body text */
  color: #6c757d;           
	padding-right: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.0rem;
}

.photo-credit a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.photo-credit a:hover {
  color: #212529;
}

figure.figure {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  max-width: 100%;
}

figure.figure img {
  display: block;
}


img {
  border: 1px solid #333;
}


figure.figure figcaption {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}


/* =============================
   Author credit at end of module
   ============================= */

.author {
  text-align: right;
  margin-top: 5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-size: 1.0em;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* =============================
   Old Transcript links to be phased out
   ============================= */
.transcript {text-align: right; font-size: .85rem;}
.transcript a {background: none !important; padding-right: 0; margin-right: 0;}
.transcript a:hover {text-decoration: none;}



/* =============================
   Transcript drop-downs
   ============================= */

details.transcript > summary {
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  color: #0066cc;
  text-decoration: underline;
  cursor: pointer;
}


details.transcript {
  font-size: 0.9em;
	text-align: left;
	margin-left: 3.5rem;
}


details.transcript[open] > ol {
  margin-top: 2.0em;
}


details.transcript > ol > li {
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}


/* =============================
   Sources within text (fuentes)
   ============================= */

.sources {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  color: #6c757d;   /* Bootstrap muted text */
  text-align: right;
}

/* =============================
   Sometime you need a large indent, like in Grammar section
   ============================= */

.indent-lg {
  margin-left: 3rem;   /* adjust as needed */
}


/* =============================
   Excerpt from external source with large indent and text in italics
	to make it stand out
   ============================= */
.excerpt {
margin-left: 3rem;	
	font-style:italic
}



/* =============================
   specific to use of contributors on staff page.
	automatically creates three columns from single list
   ============================= */
.people-list {
    column-count: 3;
    column-gap: 2rem;
}

.people-list li {
    break-inside: avoid;
}


}

/* =============================
   numbering lines of poem - u1 UPM Frohman
   ============================= */

.poem {
  margin-left: 3rem;
	max-width: 900px;
}

.poem-line {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3em 1fr;
  gap: 0.75em;
  margin: 0;
}

.line-number {
  text-align: right;
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.blank {
  height: 1em;
}






li:not(:last-child) {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;